8 SIDOR fredag den 22 augusti 2008

Fler än sextio människor dödades av bomb i Pakistan

Två bomber sprängdes på torsdagen vid en vapenfabrik i Pakistan. Minst sextiofyra människor dödades och omkring sjuttio personer skadades. Det var två självmordsbombare som sprängde bomberna. De två männen kom gående till fabriken med bomberna gömda under kläderna. En islamistisk organisation har sagt att de sprängde bomberna. Terrorgruppen hotar att göra flera bombdåd i landet. – Det blir fler bomber om regeringens soldater inte slutar att anfalla islamistiska grupper längs gränsen mot Afghanistan, säger gruppens ledare till nyhetsbyrån AFP. Det här är det andra stora terrordådet i Pakistan sedan landets president Musharraf slutade i måndags. I onsdags dödades 30 människor i ett bombdåd på ett sjukhus i nordvästra Pakistan. Islamisterna i Pakistan anklagas för att hjälpa talibanerna i Afghanistan i kriget mot landets regering.

WORD CLASSES
Nouns

bomb
torsdag
vapenfabrik
Pakistan
människa
person
självmordsbombare
man
fabrik
kläder
organisation
terrorgruppen
bombdåd
land
regering
soldat
grupp
gräns
Afghanistan
ledare
nyhetsbyrå
AFP
terrordåd
president
Musharraf
sjukhus
islamist
taliban
krig

Automatic Translation:

More than sixty people were killed by bomb in Pakistan Two bombs blown up on Thursday when a weapon factory in Pakistan. At least sixty-four people were killed and about seventy people were injured. There were two suicide bombers who blew up the bombs. The two men were walking to the factory with bombs hidden under the clothes. An Islamist organisation have said they blew up bombs. Terrorgruppe threatening to make several bombings in the country. -- There will be more bombs if the government soldiers not stop attacking Islamist groups along the border with Afghanistan, "says team leader for a news agency AFP. This is the second major terrorist attack in Pakistan since the country's President Musharraf ended on Monday. Last Wednesday killed 30 people in bombings one in a hospital in north-west Pakistan. Islamists in Pakistan accused of helping the Taliban in Afghanistan in the war against the government.

Johan Wissman är klar för OS-final.

Johan Wissman är klar för OS-final. Sprinterlöparen Johan Wissman är klar för final på 400 meter. Wissman sprang mycket bra i semifinalen och blev trea i sitt lopp. Han gick vidare till final med tiden 44,64. Bara en enda gång har han sprungit snabbare. Johan startade loppet i rasande fart och det höll bra ända in i mål. – Man måste chansa lite. Det handlar ju om att ta sig till OS-final. Nu siktar jag på en medalj, sade Wissman efter loppet. Johan Wissman hade den femte bästa tiden av dem som gick till final. Finalen på 400 meter är på torsdag.

Word list:

är - is

vara - be
klar - ready
for - for
final - final
meter - metre
sprang - ran
springa - run
mycket - very
bra - well
i - in
semifinal - semi final
och - and
blev - became, got
bli - become, get
trea - three
sitt - his
lopp - race
han - he
gick - went
vidare - further
till - to
med - with
tid - time
bara - only
en - one
enda - single
gång - time
har - has
ha - have
sprungit - run
springa/sprang/sprungit - run/ran/run
snabbare - faster
snabb - fast
startade - started
starta - start
rasande - furious
fart - speed
det - it
höll - held
hålla/höll/hållit - hold/held/held
ända - all the way
mål - goal
man - one, you
måste - must, have to
chansa - chance, take a chance
lite - a little
det handlar om - it is about
ju - as you know, after all... et.c.
att - to
ta - take
sig - oneself, yourself
nu - now
siktar - aim
jag - I
på - on
en - a
medalj - medal
sade - said
efter - after
hade - had
den - the
femte - fifth
bästa - best
av - of
dem - those
som - who
gick - went till final.
torsdag - Thursday

Translation:

Johan Wisman is ready for OS-final The runner Johan Wissman is ready for the final of 400 meters. Wissman ran very well in the semi - and came third in his race. He went on to the final with the time, 44.64. Only once has he has run faster. Johan started the race at a furious pace and kept it up till the end. -- You have to take your chances. This is about getting to the Olympic final after all. Now I am aiming for a medal, Wissman said after the race. Johan Wissman had the fifth best time of those who went on to the final. The final of 400 metres is on Thursday.

Some other blogs

Some other language blogs

On scholars

Many scholars have contributed to the study of language. Chomsky is often considered the originator of modern linguistics, but the ancient Indian grammarian Panini uses a very similar exact and rule-based approach in his analysis of Sanskrit.

Ferdinand Saussure is another important person who developed further such concepts as "synchronic" vs "diachronic" and "syntagmatic" vs "paradigmatic"

Roman Jakobsson introduced the study of how information is packaged and transmitted in language and the relation of this to grammar.

Leonard Bloomfield was the father of American Structural Linguistics, a school that described many Native American languages and developed further the hierarchical units of language, like phonemes and morphemes.

On Language and Art

There are multiple connections between language and art. One can be said to start with language and go into art, or making art with language. The term "language arts" can refer to rhetoric and literature (including prose, poetry and theatre). Calligraphy or constructed languages like solresol that can be expressed in music are other aspects
The other connection starts with art and goes into language, or uses art to communicate. There could be said to exist a communicative purpose to most art, since the artist often wants to influence the receiver or transmit a feeling or concept, but the relation can perhaps be best observed in artists like Kandinsky and Wagner. Kandinsky could be said to have tried to create a kind of non-linear language consisting of colours, lines and dots, expressing feelings and other abstract concepts. Wagner wrote a lot of music for the opera, the equivalent of the cinema of that time, and even when he wrote independent pieces of music they often had a theme that was supposed to evoke quite specific images in the mind of the listener.
It is maybe easier to appreciate the closeness of art and writing than art and speech. We certainly know much more about the evolution of writing than about that of speech due to the permanent nature of the former. It is clear that many letters developed from depictive symbols, A for instance, was initially a bull's head and D a fish. With cave paintings and old writing systems it is often hard to determine whether the inscriptions are there primarily for communicative, magical or decorative purposes. Then of course there is the magico-decorative uses of letters on weapons or as tattoos.
There might very well be a similar common origin to speech and music as to writing and visual art, but since speech predates writing with thousands of years, it is unlikely that we will ever know.

A definition of language

A language is a kind of system of visual, auditory, or situational constraints. A set of agreed-upon symbols is one feature of language, but all languages must also define the structural relationships between these symbols in a system of grammar. Most languages make use of sound, but the combinations of sounds used do not have any inherent meaning - they are merely an unconscious agreed-upon convention to represent a certain thing by users of that language. For example, many languages use different coercions as an agreed convention to represent the sounds a cat makes.

We distinguish ourselves by having language. Religion is a big language user - it creates language by converting our inner re-representations into spoken utterances. The rationalist option focuses on the relation of language to thought; thus its answer to why we use language is: for formulating thought. Thinking in language may just be a reflection of language on thought, while language originated in not so thoughtful communication. Communication with language would thus seem to be a secondary product of a language for thought. Language is a semiotic, communicative system based on some more basic symbolic faculty; this symbolic faculty creates re-representation where was simple representation; language further contributes to that re-representation.